Salivary gland stones, also known as sialolithiasis, are calcified deposits that form within the salivary glands, leading to blockages in the ducts that drain saliva into the mouth. This condition is defined as the formation of hard, stone-like substances within the salivary glands, which can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty in saliva flow. The primary cause of salivary gland stones is the accumulation of saliva, which becomes thickened and crystallizes over time due to dehydration, reduced saliva flow, or changes in saliva composition. Factors such as dehydration, poor oral hygiene, or certain medications that decrease saliva production can contribute to stone formation. Other contributing factors may include infections or inflammation in the salivary glands. Treatment for salivary gland stones typically involves several approaches. Initial management may include conservative measures such as increasing fluid intake to help flush out the stones, massaging the affected gland, and using sour candies to stimulate saliva flow. If these measures are ineffective, medical interventions may be necessary. Techniques such as sialogogues, which are medications that stimulate saliva production, may help dislodge the stones. In some cases, non-invasive procedures like shock wave lithotripsy can be used to break the stones into smaller fragments. If stones are large or resistant to other treatments, surgical removal may be required, either through a minor surgical procedure or endoscopically. Maintaining good oral hygiene and staying well-hydrated can help prevent the formation of new stones. Consulting with a healthcare professional or dentist is important for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for salivary gland stones.
